1 (**************************************************************************)
4 (* ||A|| A project by Andrea Asperti *)
6 (* ||I|| Developers: *)
7 (* ||T|| The HELM team. *)
8 (* ||A|| http://helm.cs.unibo.it *)
10 (* \ / This file is distributed under the terms of the *)
11 (* v GNU General Public License Version 2 *)
13 (**************************************************************************)
15 (* This file was automatically generated: do not edit *********************)
19 (* $Id: MoreFunSeries.v,v 1.4 2004/04/23 10:00:59 lcf Exp $ *)
21 include "ftc/FunctSeries.ma".
23 include "ftc/MoreFunctions.ma".
25 (*#* printing FSeries_Sum %\ensuremath{\sum_{\infty}}% #∑'<sub>∞</sub># *)
31 (*#* *More on Sequences and Series
33 We will now extend our convergence definitions and results for
34 sequences and series of functions defined in compact intervals to
37 %\begin{convention}% Throughout this file, [J] will be an interval,
38 [f, g] will be sequences of continuous (in [J]) functions and [F,G]
39 will be continuous (in [J]) functions.
44 First we will consider the case of sequences.
48 Some of the definitions do not make sense in this more general setting
49 (for instance, because the norm of a function is no longer defined),
50 but the ones which do we simply adapt in the usual way.
54 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Definitions/J.var
58 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Definitions/f.var
62 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Definitions/F.var
66 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Definitions/contf.var
70 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Definitions/contF.var
73 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq_IR.con" as definition.
75 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq_IR.con" as definition.
77 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq'_IR.con" as definition.
79 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq2_IR.con" as definition.
82 The equivalences between these definitions still hold.
85 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_Cauchy_fun_seq'_IR.con" as lemma.
87 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq_seq2_IR.con" as lemma.
89 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq2_seq_IR.con" as lemma.
91 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_real_IR.con" as lemma.
98 Section More_Definitions
102 Limit is defined and works in the same way as before.
106 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Definitions/J.var
110 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Definitions/f.var
114 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Definitions/contf.var
120 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Definitions/conv.var
125 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq_Lim_IR.con" as definition.
127 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq_Lim_char.con" as lemma.
134 Section Irrelevance_of_Proofs
137 (*#* ***Basic Properties
139 Proofs are irrelevant as before---they just have to be present.
143 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/J.var
147 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/f.var
153 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/contf.var
157 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/contf0.var
163 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/F.var
169 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/contF.var
173 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Irrelevance_of_Proofs/contF0.var
178 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq'_wd_IR.con" as lemma.
180 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq2_wd_IR.con" as lemma.
182 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq_wd_IR.con" as lemma.
185 End Irrelevance_of_Proofs
189 Opaque Cauchy_fun_seq_Lim_IR.
193 Section More_Properties
197 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/J.var
201 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/f.var
205 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/g.var
211 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contf.var
215 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contf0.var
219 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contg.var
223 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contg0.var
228 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_conv_fun_seq'_IR.con" as lemma.
231 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/F.var
235 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/G.var
241 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contF.var
245 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contF0.var
249 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contG.var
253 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Properties/contG0.var
258 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq'_wdl_IR.con" as lemma.
260 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq'_wdr_IR.con" as lemma.
262 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq'_wdl'_IR.con" as lemma.
264 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_seq'_wdr'_IR.con" as lemma.
266 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_cont_Lim_IR.con" as lemma.
268 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_conv_fun_seq_IR.con" as lemma.
270 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_Cauchy_fun_seq_IR.con" as lemma.
277 Hint Resolve Cauchy_cont_Lim_IR: continuous.
281 Section Algebraic_Properties
284 (*#* ***Algebraic Properties
286 Algebraic operations still work well.
290 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/J.var
294 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/f.var
298 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/g.var
302 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/contf.var
306 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/contg.var
309 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FLim_unique_IR.con" as lemma.
311 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Cauchy_fun_seq_wd_IR.con" as lemma.
313 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_const_IR.con" as lemma.
315 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Cauchy_prop_const_IR.con" as lemma.
318 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/F.var
322 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/G.var
326 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/contF.var
330 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/contG.var
336 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/convF.var
340 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Algebraic_Properties/convG.var
345 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_plus'_IR.con" as lemma.
347 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_minus'_IR.con" as lemma.
349 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_mult'_IR.con" as lemma.
352 End Algebraic_Properties
356 Section More_Algebraic_Properties
360 If we work with the limit function things fit in just as well.
364 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/J.var
368 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/f.var
372 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/g.var
376 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/contf.var
380 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/contg.var
386 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/Hf.var
390 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Algebraic_Properties/Hg.var
395 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_plus_IR.con" as lemma.
397 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Cauchy_prop_plus.con" as lemma.
399 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_inv_IR.con" as lemma.
401 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Cauchy_prop_inv.con" as lemma.
403 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_minus_IR.con" as lemma.
405 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Cauchy_prop_minus.con" as lemma.
407 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Lim_seq_mult_IR.con" as lemma.
409 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_Cauchy_prop_mult.con" as lemma.
412 End More_Algebraic_Properties
419 (*#* ***Miscellaneous
421 Finally, we define a mapping between sequences of real numbers and sequences of (constant) functions and prove that convergence is preserved.
424 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/seq_to_funseq.con" as definition.
426 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/funseq_conv.con" as lemma.
429 Another interesting fact: if a sequence of constant functions converges then it must converge to a constant function.
432 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_const_Lim.con" as lemma.
439 Section Series_Definitions
444 We now consider series of functions defined in arbitrary intervals.
446 Convergence is defined as expected---through convergence in every compact interval.
450 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Series_Definitions/J.var
454 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Series_Definitions/f.var
457 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_series_convergent_IR.con" as definition.
459 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_series_conv_imp_conv_IR.con" as lemma.
464 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Series_Definitions/H.var
469 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_series_inc_IR.con" as lemma.
471 (*#* Assume [h(x)] is the pointwise series of [f(x)] *)
475 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Series_Definitions/h.con" "Series_Definitions__" as definition.
479 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_strext_IR.con" as lemma.
481 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum.con" as definition.
483 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_char.con" as lemma.
486 End Series_Definitions
490 Implicit Arguments FSeries_Sum [J f].
494 Section More_Series_Definitions
498 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Series_Definitions/J.var
502 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/More_Series_Definitions/f.var
506 Absolute convergence still exists.
509 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_series_abs_convergent_IR.con" as definition.
512 End More_Series_Definitions
516 Section Convergence_Results
520 As before, any series converges to its sum.
524 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Convergence_Results/J.var
528 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Convergence_Results/f.var
531 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_conv.con" as lemma.
533 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/convergent_imp_inc.con" as lemma.
535 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/convergent_imp_Continuous.con" as lemma.
537 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Continuous_FSeries_Sum.con" as lemma.
540 End Convergence_Results
544 Hint Resolve convergent_imp_inc: included.
548 Hint Resolve convergent_imp_Continuous Continuous_FSeries_Sum: continuous.
555 (*#* **Algebraic Operations
557 Convergence is well defined and preserved by operations.
561 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/J.var
564 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_fun_const_series_IR.con" as lemma.
566 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_const_series_Sum_IR.con" as lemma.
568 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/conv_zero_fun_series_IR.con" as lemma.
570 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_zero_IR.con" as lemma.
573 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/f.var
577 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/g.var
580 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_series_convergent_wd_IR.con" as lemma.
585 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/convF.var
589 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/convG.var
594 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_wd'.con" as lemma.
596 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_plus_conv.con" as lemma.
598 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_plus.con" as lemma.
600 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_inv_conv.con" as lemma.
602 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_inv.con" as lemma.
604 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_minus_conv.con" as lemma.
606 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_minus.con" as lemma.
609 %\begin{convention}% Let [c:IR] and [H:PartIR] be continuous in [J].
614 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/c.var
618 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/H.var
622 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Operations/contH.var
625 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_scal_conv.con" as lemma.
627 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/FSeries_Sum_scal.con" as lemma.
634 Section Convergence_Criteria
637 (*#* ***Convergence Criteria
639 The most important tests for convergence of series still apply: the
640 comparison test (in both versions) and the ratio test.
644 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Convergence_Criteria/J.var
648 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Convergence_Criteria/f.var
652 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Convergence_Criteria/contF.var
655 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_str_comparison_IR.con" as lemma.
657 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_comparison_IR.con" as lemma.
659 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/abs_imp_conv_IR.con" as lemma.
661 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/fun_ratio_test_conv_IR.con" as lemma.
664 End Convergence_Criteria
668 Section Insert_Series
673 When working in particular with power series and Taylor series, it is
674 sometimes useful to ``shift'' all the terms in the series one position
675 forward, that is, replacing each $f_{i+1}$#f<sub>i+1</sub># with
676 $f_i$#f<sub>i</sub># and inserting the null function in the first
677 position. This does not affect convergence or the sum of the series.
681 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Insert_Series/J.var
685 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Insert_Series/f.var
689 cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/Insert_Series/convF.var
692 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/insert_series.con" as definition.
694 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/insert_series_cont.con" as lemma.
696 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/insert_series_sum_char.con" as lemma.
698 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/insert_series_conv.con" as lemma.
700 inline procedural "cic:/CoRN/ftc/MoreFunSeries/insert_series_sum.con" as lemma.