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4 (* ||A|| A project by Andrea Asperti *)
6 (* ||I|| Developers: *)
7 (* ||T|| The HELM team. *)
8 (* ||A|| http://helm.cs.unibo.it *)
10 (* \ / This file is distributed under the terms of the *)
11 (* v GNU General Public License Version 2 *)
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15 (* This file was automatically generated: do not edit *********************)
17 set "baseuri" "cic:/matita/CoRN-Decl/ftc/WeakIVT".
21 (* $Id: WeakIVT.v,v 1.9 2004/04/23 10:01:01 lcf Exp $ *)
23 (*#* printing ** %\ensuremath\times% #×# *)
28 Infix "**" := prodT (at level 20).
33 include "ftc/Continuity.ma".
35 (*#* *IVT for Partial Functions
37 In general, we cannot prove the classically valid Intermediate Value
38 Theorem for arbitrary partial functions, which states that in any
39 interval [[a,b]], for any value [z] between [f(a)] and [f(b)]
40 there exists $x\in[a,b]$#x∈[a,b]# such that [f(x) [=] z].
42 However, as is usually the case, there are some good aproximation results. We
50 alias id "a" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma1/a.var".
52 alias id "b" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma1/b.var".
54 alias id "Hab" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma1/Hab.var".
58 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma1/I.con" "Lemma1__".
62 alias id "F" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma1/F.var".
64 alias id "contF" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma1/contF.var".
68 %\begin{convention}% Let [a, b : IR] and [Hab : a [<=] b] and denote by [I]
69 the interval [[a,b]]. Let [F] be a continuous function on [I].
72 We begin by proving that, if [f(a) [<] f(b)], then for every [y] in
73 [[f(a),f(b)]] there is an $x\in[a,b]$#x∈[a,b]# such that [f(x)] is close
77 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Weak_IVT_ap_lft.con".
87 alias id "a" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma2/a.var".
89 alias id "b" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma2/b.var".
91 alias id "Hab" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma2/Hab.var".
95 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma2/I.con" "Lemma2__".
99 alias id "F" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma2/F.var".
101 alias id "contF" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Lemma2/contF.var".
104 If [f(b) [<] f(a)], a similar result holds:
107 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/Weak_IVT_ap_rht.con".
119 We will now assume that [a [<] b] and that [F] is not only
120 continuous, but also strictly increasing in [I]. Under
121 these assumptions, we can build two sequences of values which
122 converge to [x0] such that [f(x0) [=] z].
125 alias id "a" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/a.var".
127 alias id "b" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/b.var".
129 alias id "Hab'" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/Hab'.var".
131 alias id "Hab" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/Hab.var".
135 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/I.con" "IVT__".
139 alias id "F" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/F.var".
141 alias id "contF" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/contF.var".
145 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/incF.con" "IVT__".
151 alias id "incrF" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/incrF.var".
157 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/Ha.con" "IVT__".
159 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/Hb.con" "IVT__".
161 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/HFab'.con" "IVT__".
167 alias id "z" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/z.var".
169 alias id "Haz" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/Haz.var".
171 alias id "Hzb" = "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/Hzb.var".
175 (*#* Given any two points [x [<] y] in [[a,b]] such that [x [<=] z [<=] y],
176 we can find [x' [<] y'] such that $|x'-y'|=\frac23|x-y|$#|x'-y'|=2/3|x-y|#
177 and [x' [<=] z [<=] y'].
180 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT_seq_lemma.con".
185 We now iterate this construction.
188 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT_aux_seq_type.ind".
190 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT_iter.con".
192 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT_seq.con".
195 We now define the sequences built from this iteration, starting with [a] and [b].
198 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq.con".
200 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/b_seq.con".
202 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_I.con".
204 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/b_seq_I.con".
206 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_less_b_seq.con".
208 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_leEq_z.con".
210 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/z_leEq_b_seq.con".
212 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_mon.con".
214 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/b_seq_mon.con".
216 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_b_seq_dist_n.con".
218 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_b_seq_dist.con".
220 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_Cauchy.con".
222 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/b_seq_Cauchy.con".
224 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/xa.con" "IVT__".
226 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT/xb.con" "IVT__".
228 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/a_seq_b_seq_lim.con".
230 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/xa_in_interval.con".
232 inline "cic:/CoRN/ftc/WeakIVT/IVT_I.con".