Let us start this tutorial with a simple example based on the following well
known problem.
-\ 5h2 class="section"\ 6The goat, the wolf and the cabbage\ 5/h2\ 6A farmer need to transfer a goat, a wolf and a cabbage across a river, but there
+\ 5h2 class="section"\ 6The goat, the wolf and the cabbage\ 5/h2\ 6
+A farmer need to transfer a goat, a wolf and a cabbage across a river, but there
is only one place available on his boat. Furthermore, the goat will eat the
cabbage if they are left alone on the same bank, and similarly the wolf will eat
the goat. The problem consists in bringing all three items safely across the
(* In precisely the same way as "bank" is the smallest type containing east and
west, opp is the smallest predicate containing the two sub-cases east_west and
weast_east. If you have some familiarity with Prolog, you may look at opp as the
-predicate definined by the two clauses - in this case, the two facts -
+predicate defined by the two clauses - in this case, the two facts - ast_west and
+west_east.
Between opp and opposite we have the following relation:
opp a b iff a = opposite b
inductive move : \ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.ind(1,0,0)"\ 6state\ 5/a\ 6 → \ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.ind(1,0,0)"\ 6state\ 5/a\ 6 → Prop ≝
| move_goat: ∀g,g1,w,c. \ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/opp.ind(1,0,0)"\ 6opp\ 5/a\ 6 g g1 → move (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c g) (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g1 w c g1)
- (* Every time g and g1 are two opposite banks, it is legal to put
- the state "\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c g", which says that goat and boat are on the same bank g,
- and the state "\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g1 w c g1", which says that goat and boat are on the same bank g1
- in the relation "move" because, for example, moving the goat from bank g to bank g1 requires
- moving the boat as well. *)
+ (* We can move the goat from a bank g to the opposite bank g1 if and only if the
+ boat is on the same bank g of the goat and we move the boat along with it. *)
| move_wolf: ∀g,w,w1,c. \ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/opp.ind(1,0,0)"\ 6opp\ 5/a\ 6 w w1 → move (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c w) (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w1 c w1)
| move_cabbage: ∀g,w,c,c1.\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/opp.ind(1,0,0)"\ 6opp\ 5/a\ 6 c c1 → move (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c c) (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c1 c1)
| move_boat: ∀g,w,c,b,b1. \ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/opp.ind(1,0,0)"\ 6opp\ 5/a\ 6 b b1 → move (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c b) (\ 5a href="cic:/matita/tutorial/chapter1/state.con(0,1,0)"\ 6mk_state\ 5/a\ 6 g w c b1).